In this con-Įxt, fish and mammals are different. It is clear that androgens (testos-erone, T and 11-ketotestosterone, 11-KT) are essential to controlexual differentiation and spermatogenesis in males by binding toR to activate or repress the expression of specific genes (Borg,994 Delvin and Nagahama, 2002 Leet et al., 2011).
Comparatively little attentionas been given to chemicals that might interact with androgens,ue to the fact that the functions of androgen receptors (AR) areargely unknown (Borg, 1994). Most studies on reproductive dysfunctions in aquatic speciesave focused on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exhibitingstrogenic action (Leet et al., 2011). In addition to VZ effects through competitive binding to AR, our data suggestspotential effects of VZ by direct inhibition of 11-KT biosynthesis in fish as well as abnormalities in spermmorphology. The presentstudy shows different dose-dependent VZ effects, which lead to impairment in sperm quality via disrup-tion in steroidogenesis. In goldfishexposed to E2, GSI and 11-KT were decreased, E2 was increased and no sperm was produced. This is, probably, the main reason for unchanged sperm quality at 100 g/L VZ. In goldfish exposed to 100 g/L VZ, 11-KT was increased but E2 remained Sperm volume, motility and velocity were reduced in fish exposed to 800 g/L VZ.This was associated with the decrease in 11-KT level, suggesting direct VZ effects on testicular andro-genesis and sperm functions. Following one month exposure, GSI and HSI were unchanged in all VZ treated groups comparedto solvent control. To understand VZ adverse effects on male repro-duction, mature goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to three nominal VZ concentrations (100, 400,and 800 g/L) and alternations in gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic indices (HSI), 17-estradiol(E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and sperm quality were investigated compared to the solvent control.One group was exposed to E2 (nominal concentration of 5 g/L), an estrogenic compound, as a negativecontrol. In aquatic animals, the VZ effects on reproductive functions are largelyunknown and results are somewhat contradictory. In mammals, vinclozolin (VZ) is known as anti-androgen, which causes male infertility via androgenreceptor (AR) antagonism. Rticle history:eceived 29 April 2012eceived in revised form 13 June 2012ccepted 20 June 2012Įywords:1-ketotestosterone7-Estradiolperm motilityperm velocityperm volumeinclozolin AFPA, Equipe DAC, 2 Avenue de la Fort de Haye, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54505, BP 172, France University of South Bohemia in Cesk Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses,odnany 389 25, Czech RepublicUniversit de Lorraine, UR. Zadeh Hatefa, Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavia, Sylvain Millab, Jir Kristana, Mahdi Golshana,ascal Fontaineb, Otomar Linharta Nti-androgen vinclozolin impairs sperm quality and steroidogenesis in goldfish
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